Developmental constraint through negative pleiotropy in the zygomatic arch

Table 1 Linear distance correlations

Linear distance 1	Linear distance 2	CC founder/F1			DO
Linear distance 1	Linear distance 2	Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r)	R ²	r ≠ 0 t test p value	Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r)	R ²	r ≠ 0 t test p value
Zygomatic Process of Maxilla (L3–L24)	Zygomatic Bone (L24–L32)	*− 0.232*	*0.054*	*< 0.001*	*− 0.294*	*0.086*	*< 0.001*
Zygomatic Process of Maxilla (L3–L24)	Full Zygomatic Arch (L3–L32)	0.465	0.216	< 0.001	0.620	0.385	< 0.001
Zygomatic Bone (L24–L32)	Full Zygomatic Arch (L3–L32)	0.748	0.560	< 0.001	0.561	0.315	< 0.001
Frontal Bone (M21–M26)	Parietal Bone (M26–M27)	− 0.034	0.001	0.232	*− 0.345*	*0.119*	*< 0.001*
Frontal Bone (M21–M26)	Vault Length (M21–M27)	0.776	0.602	< 0.001	0.622	0.386	< 0.001
Parietal Bone (M26–M27)	Vault Length (M21–M27)	0.603	0.363	< 0.001	0.519	0.270	< 0.001
Basioccipital (M36–M37)	Sphenoid Body (M37–M38)	0.592	0.350	< 0.001	0.333	0.111	< 0.001
Basioccipital (M36–M37)	Posterior Cranial Base (M36–M38)	0.870	0.757	< 0.001	0.786	0.618	< 0.001
Sphenoid Body (M37–M38)	Posterior Cranial Base (M36–M38)	0.912	0.832	< 0.001	0.844	0.713	< 0.001

Bolditalic indicates a significant negative correlation after accounting for multiple testing with Bonferonni correction (α = 0.0028)

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