Fig. 10

Evolution of novel respiratory structures in isopods. A Developmental modification in each lineage. Pleopods are illustrated as transverse view. Arrows indicate direction of development. Structures and developmental processes of covered lungs in Porcellio scaber are based on previous studies [14, 20]. B Possible hypotheses about the evolutionary origins of isopod respiratory structures. Phylogenetic relationships were based on previous studies [23, 25]. All Alloniscus, Arm Armadirroniscus, Ex exopod, En endopod, Nag Nagurus, plp pleopods, Por Porcellio